Is there a new component of the Mediterranean diet that reduces inflammation? -- Zeisel 87 (2): 277 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

87, No. 2 Reprints not available. E-mail: steven zeisel at unc.edu. The factor of dietary choline and betaine on inflammatory biomarkers were of the alike extent as those reported for the Mediterranean diet.

Augmented than 3000 mankind were studied in the cross-sectional ATTICA study, and individuals in the highest tertile for dietary intake of choline and betaine had significantly lower plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor- concentrations than did people in the lowest tertile of intake. Why is there such care in dietary choline and betaine?

Single a subset of premenopausal women developed such a deficiency. Is the society between choline and betaine intake and inflammation viable to be real? In the Greek population, choline intake and variation was similar. Since Detopoulou et al reported homogenous thing on inflammation for both choline and betaine intakes, it is fair to conclude that the antiinflammatory aftereffect they announcement was not chiefly due to a asymmetry in meat, egg, or vegetable intake.

However, there are believable organic mechanisms that could underlie the observations of decreased inflammation in Greeks who consumed aggrandized betaine and choline.

The finding that both choline and betaine had an corollary suggests that the response was mediated by some daily pathway, maybe methylation and the emigration of homocysteine. Exposure to oxidative stress is a potent trigger for inflammation. Betaine is formed from choline within the mitochondria, and this oxidation contributes to mitochondrial redox status.

Thus, there are multiple feasible mechanisms whereby diets lower in choline and betaine might determination in increases in biomarkers of inflammation in healthy humans.

Provided the company between choline and betaine and inflammation can be confirmed in studies of other populations, an affecting latest dietary gate may be available for reducing chronic diseases associated with inflammation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SHZ receives grant benefit from the State Institutes of Health, the US Branch of Agriculture, Mead Johnson Nutritionals, the Gerber Foundation, and the Ovum Nutrition Proof Centre and is a consultant for the Solae Society and for the Dupont Company. The author had no clash of consideration in relation to this article. REFERENCES Detopoulou P, Panagiotakos DB, Antonopoulou S, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C.

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The convention between betaine and choline intakes and the plasma concentrations of homocysteine in women. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2007;7:20. Medline Dalmeijer GW, Olthof MR, Verhoef P, Bots ML, motorcar der Schouw YT. Prospective announce on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women. Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women.

Choline: critical role during foetal augmenting and dietary requirements in adults. Medline Fischer LM, daCosta K, Kwock L, et al. Masculinity and menopausal status consequence human dietary requirements for the nutrient choline.